Anatomical post: a simple and safe alternative

Objective: To describe a clinical case that called for an anatomical post to be made to support and retain an indirect restoration in the anterior tooth. Case report: A 72-year-old female patient came to the office complaining that the crown of tooth 22 had come loose. A clinical and radiographic examination of element 22 was performed, and showed a very broad root canal, total displacement of the cast metal crown-core set, and satisfactory endodontic treatment. The restorative planning for this patient included the making of an anatomical post from Exacto # 2 fiberglass post (Angelus, Brazil), and refilling it with Bulk One composite resin (3M, USA), using self-adhesive resin cement U200 (3M, USA). The reconstruction of the coronary portion of the post was also performed with the same composite resin (Bulk One 3M, USA). The preparation for full crown and temporary restoration was performed in the same session, using self-curing acrylic resin. The all-ceramic crown was molded and cemented in subsequent sessions. Conclusion: The use of anatomical posts with composite resin represents a technically viable alternative for rehabilitating endodontically treated teeth with wide root canals, in cases where conventional prefabricated fiber posts cannot be adapted easily. The advantages that stand out are that these posts can be applied easily, at low cost, and in a single session.

Objetivo: Descrever um caso clínico de confecção do pino anatômico para suporte e retenção de restauração indireta em dente anterior. Relato do Caso: Paciente feminina, 72 anos, compareceu ao consultório queixando-se que a coroa do dente 22 havia "soltado". Realizou-se exame clínico e radiográfico do elemento 22, que apresentou conduto radicular bastante amplo, deslocamento total do conjunto núcleo/coroa e tratamento endodôntico satisfatório. O planejamento restaurador para essa paciente incluiu a confecção de pino anatômico, com pino de fibra de vidro Exato #2(Angelus, Brasil) reembasado com resina composta Bulk One (3M, EUA), utilizando o cimento resinoso autoadesivo U200 (3M, EUA). Foi realizada a reconstrução da porção coronária do pino também com resina composta do tipo Bulk. Realizou-se, na mesma sessão de atendimento, o preparo para coroa total e restauração provisória utilizando dente de estoque e resinaacrílica autopolimerizável. Em sessões seguintes foi realizada a moldagem e cimentação da coroa total em cerâmica pura. Conclusão: A utilização de pinos anatômicos com resina composta representa uma alternativa tecnicamente viável, de fácil aplicabilidade, com baixo custo e em única sessão, para reabilitação de dentes tratados endodonticamente com conduto radicular onde os pinos em fibra pré-fabricados convencionais não apresentam boa adaptação.

Do automotive window films affect drivers' safety by decreasing vision sensitivity? A Cross-sectional study / Películas automotivas e perda de acuidade visual? Estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure visual acuity in high contrast and low contrast sensitivities in different grades of visible light transmission films in three different positions (front, lateral and rear windows). Methods: Forty-four healthy volunteers between 30-75 y-o, with BCVA better than 0,5, were tested in the 5 following vehicles with different grades of visible light transmission films. Vehicle 1: 75% in the front and 70% in the lateral and rear windows; Vehicle 2: 70% in the front and lateral windows and 28% in the rear; Vehicle 3: 70% in the front, 28% in the lateral and 15% rear; Vehicle 4: 35% in all 3 windows; Vehicle 5: 50% in the front, 20% in the lateral and 15% in the rear. Descriptive statistics were used and the average of the 3 measurements of VA was considered. Wilcoxon Test was applied to compare the average visual acuity in each vehicle and position. P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the Brazilian Traffic Regulations for driving in categories C/D/E, when low contrast was tested in the front window, all visible light transmissions were borderline, in the lateral window they were all outside the limit, while in the rear window for both low and high contrast, all visible light transmissions tested were outside the limit and also borderline for driving in categories A/B, with the exception of the vehicle with visible light transmission of 35%. Conclusion: Visual acuity is affected, especially in the rear window, by the use of automotive films. The study is an alert that window films is a possible cause of accidents and may contribute to the revision of traffic regulations worldwide.

RESUMO Objetivo: Medir a acuidade visual em alto e baixo contraste nas diversas graduações de transparência de filmes em três janelas de veículos: frontal, lateral e traseira. Métodos: Foram avaliados 44 voluntários saudáveis entre 30 e 75 anos, com acuidade visual melhor corrigida acima de 0,5, em cinco veículos, sendo: veículo 1, com 75% de transparência frontal e 70% na lateral e traseira; veículo 2, com 70% na frontal e na lateral e 28% na traseira; veículo 3, com 70% na frontal, 28% na lateral e 15% na traseira; veículo 4, com 35% nas três janelas; e veículo 5, com 50% na frontal, 20% na lateral e 15% na traseira. Foi realizada estatística descritiva utilizando a média de três medidas consecutivas, com teste de Wilcoxon para comparar a média de acuidade visual em cada janela, e foi considerado estatisticamente significativo quando valor de p<0,05. Resultados: Todas as transparências testadas nos vidros reduziram a acuidade visual em situação de baixo contraste para níveis limítrofes na janela frontal e níveis ilegais na lateral para conduzir veículos nas categorias C/D/E. Na janela traseira, tanto em alto quanto em baixo contraste, todas as transparências mostraram redução da acuidade visual para níveis ilegais para categorias C/D/E e limítrofes para as categorias A/B, exceto na transparência de 35%. Conclusão: A acuidade visual é reduzida pelo uso dos filmes automotivos, especialmente na janela traseira. Condutores de veículos com filmes devem ser alertados pelo risco aumentado de acidentes. Esse dado científico propõe revisões nas regulações de tráfego mundiais.

Saneamiento industrial: Biodisponibilidad de patógenos en superficies / Industrial sanitation: Bioavailability of pathogens on surfaces

En condiciones adecuadas como humedad, alcalinidad, o temperatura, determinados patógenos logran adherirse a las superficies y sobrevivir ciertos períodos fuera de un anfitrión, persistiendo en algunos casos a procesos deficientes de limpieza y desinfección, configurándose como un posible foco de transmisión. Por ello, el correcto saneamiento cumple un propósito vital en la protección de los trabajadores de la industria y otros sectores frente al riesgo de contaminación por contacto directo con las superficies contaminadas. La literatura científica muestra amplia evidencia de la supervivencia de patógenos sobre superficies que son habituales dentro de instalaciones industriales, como acero, aluminio, madera, plástico y vidrio. La supervivencia de microorganismos en las superficies puede configurarse como candidato a marcador de biodisponibilidad, que puede ser usado en la industria para establecer y auditar los planes de higienización y saneamiento industrial, permitiendo estudiar la eficacia de los compuestos usados en la desinfección, y variables como su concentración, temperatura, e intervalos de aplicación y remoción(AU)

Under suitable conditions such as humidity, alkalinity, or temperature, certain pathogens manage to adhere to surfaces and survive certain periods outside of a host, persisting in some cases to poor cleaning and disinfection processes, becoming a possible source of transmission. Therefore, proper sanitation serves a vital purpose in protecting workers in industry and other sectors from the risk of contamination by direct contact with contaminated surfaces. The scientific literature shows ample evidence of the survival of pathogens on surfaces that are common within industrial facilities, such as steel, aluminum, wood, plastic and glass. The survival of microorganisms on surfaces can be configured as a candidate for bioavailability marker, which can be used in the industry to establish and audit industrial sanitation and sanitation plans, allowing to study the efficacy of the compounds used in disinfection, and variables such as its concentration, temperature, and application and removal intervals(AU(

Higienización y eliminación fúngica en instalaciones industriales para la disminución de riesgos ocupacionales / Sanitization and fungal elimination in industrial facilities to reduce occupational risks

Se ha comprobado que la exposición a bioaerosoles se asocia con varios efectos sobre la salud, como enfermedades pulmonares y alergias. El presente estudio transversal tuvo como objetivo investigar la contaminación por hongos en varias superficies pertenecientes a dos industrias de alimentos. La toma de muestra se realizó en tres semanas, inmediatamente después de realizada la limpieza y desinfección y antes de iniciar la producción. Se recolectaron 400 muestras de superficie (vidrio, acero inoxidable, aluminio, goma y plástico), también se evaluó la eficacia del programa de higienización en el control de la población de hongos. Todas las muestras presentaron recuentos fúngicos <10 ufc/cm2, sin haber diferencias significativas entre los tipos de superficie, sin embargo, las superficies plásticas exhibieron mayor crecimiento logarítmico de los hongos. Se determinó que 49,60% de las especies identificadas correspondieron al género Penicillium. Aunque los niveles de hongos en las industrias estudiadas fueron inferiores a los niveles recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, algunas medidas de salud ambiental como lavar y desinfectar las superficies después de cada turno de trabajo, y se recomiendan inspecciones periódicas para garantizar la seguridad de los trabajadores y de los productos que allí se manufacturan(AU)

It has been proven that exposure to bioaerosols is associated with several health effects, such as pulmonary diseases and allergies. The present crosssectional study aimed to investigate fungal contamination on various surfaces belonging to two food industries. The sampling was carried out in three weeks, immediately after cleaning and disinfection and before starting production. 400 surface samples were collected (glass, stainless steel, aluminum, rubber and plastic), the effectiveness of the sanitation program in controlling the fungal population was also evaluated. All the samples presented fungal counts <10 cfu / cm2, with no significant differences between the types of surfaces, however, the plastic surfaces exhibited higher logarithmic growth of the fungi. It was determined that 49.60% of the identified species corresponded to the Penicillium genus.Although the levels of fungi in the studied baths were lower than the levels recommended by the World Health Organization, some environmental health measure ssuch as washing and disinfecting surfaces after each working shift and periodic inspections are recommended ensuring the safety of the workers and the products that are manufactured there(AU)

Lavagem, preparo e esterilização de materiais / Lavado, preparación y esterilización de materiales / Washing, preparation and sterilization of materials

Esta Norma Técnica tem por objetivo estabelecer os critérios para lavagem, preparo e esterilização de vidrarias e materiais utilizados nos processos de manipulação e controle da qualidade do leite humano ordenhado, visando a garantia da qualidade em Bancos de Leite Humano e Postos de Coleta de Leite Humano e sua certificação.

Esta Norma Técnica tiene por objetivo establecer los criterios de lavado, preparación y esterilización de la vidriería y materiales utilizados en los procesos de manipulación y control de calidad de la leche humana extraída, con el fin de asegurar la calidad en los Bancos de Leche Humana y Centros de Recolección de Leche Humana y su certificación.

Influence of testing environment on static fatigue behavior of a glass and a polycrystalline ceramic

Abstract It aims on evaluate the effect of the test environment on static fatigue behavior of lithium disilicate-based (LD), and yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramics. Specimens of LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) and YSZ (IPS e.max ZirCAD MO, 3 mol% Y2O3, Ivoclar Vivadent) were randomly allocated into three groups: tested in air, inert (paraffin oil, Sigma Aldrich) or distilled water. The static fatigue test (n=15) was performed using a piston-on-three ball assembly, adapted from ISO 6872, as follows: starting load 100 N for LD and 300 N for YSZ; loading application time set to 1 hour for each loading step; step size of 50 N for LD and 100 N for YSZ, applied successively until fracture. Data from static fatigue strength (MPa) and time to fracture (hours) were recorded. Fractographic analysis was executed. Survival analysis corroborates absence of influence of environment on static fatigue outcomes (fatigue strength, time to fracture and survival rates) for YSZ. For LD, specimens tested in air presented statistically superior survival rate and static fatigue strength (p= 0.025). In regards of time to fracture, LD tested in air were superior than when tested in distilled water (p=0.019) or inert (p=0.017) environments. No statistical differences for Weibull modulus were observed. Failures started on the tensile stress surface. Thus, the test environment did not affect slow crack growth (SCG) mechanisms during static fatigue test of YSZ ceramics, but it plays a significant role for the static fatigue behavior of lithium disilicate-based glass ceramics, indicating a high susceptibility to SCG.

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou investigar a influência do ambiente de teste no comportamento a fadiga estática (resistência à fratura e tempo para falha) de cerâmicas à base de dissilicato de lítio (LD) e zircônia estabilizada com ítria (YSZ). Espécimes de LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) e YSZ (IPS e.max ZirCAD MO, 3mol% Y2O3, Ivoclar Vivadent) foram obtidos e alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos: testado em ar, em líquido inerte (óleo de parafina) ou em água destilada. O teste de fadiga estática (n= 15) foi realizado usando o teste pistão sobre três esferas, ISO 6872, da seguinte forma: carga inicial 100 N para LD e 300 N para YSZ; tempo de aplicação de carregamento definido para 1 hora para cada etapa de carregamento; tamanho do passo de 50 N para LD e 100 N para YSZ, aplicados sucessivamente até a fratura. Dados de resistência à fadiga estática (MPa) e tempo até a fratura (horas) foram registrados. A análise fractográfica foi executada. A análise de sobrevivência corrobora a ausência de influência do ambiente de teste nos resultados de fadiga estática (resistência à fadiga, tempo de fratura e taxas de sobrevivência) para a YSZ. Para LD, os corpos de prova testados em ar apresentaram taxa de sobrevivência e resistência à fadiga estática estatisticamente superiores (p= 0,025). Em relação ao tempo de fratura, os espécimes LD testados em ar foram superiores aos testados em água destilada (p= 0,019) ou em ambiente inerte (p= 0,017). Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para o módulo de Weibull. Todas as falhas começaram no lado onde se concentra a tensão de tração (lado de baixo) durante o teste. Com base nisso, observa-se que o ambiente de teste não afetou os mecanismos de crescimento lento de trinca durante o teste de fadiga estática da cerâmica YSZ, mas desempenha um papel significativo na resistência à fadiga estática da cerâmica de vidro à base de dissilicato de lítio, indicando alta susceptibilidade ao crescimento lento e subcrítico de trincas.

Neumonía por Pneumocystis Jirovecii en paciente adolescente inmunosuprimido no VIH positivo: Un reporte de caso / Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia in a non-HIV immunosuppressed adolescent patient: A case report

Resumen La neumonía en el paciente inmunocomprometido es un reto diagnóstico al cual el clínico se enfrenta cada vez con más frecuencia , al momento de hablar de infiltrados en vidrio esmerilado es menester tener siempre en cuenta la posibilidad de neumonía por Pneumocystis Jirovecii, que por mucho tiempo se pensó como una enfermedad propia del huésped inmunosuprimido con VIH, a través del tiempo se ha manifestado en pacientes con trasplantes de órgano sólido y de precursores hematopoyéticos, asociado a autoinmunidad, al uso crónico de corticoesteroides y más recientemente al uso de terapia biológicas. La descripción de esta enfermedad y sus métodos diagnósticos en huéspedes inmunosuprimidos no VIH no es del todo claro, sabemos que el tratamiento de elección en estos casos es el trimetropin-sulfametoxazol (TMP-SMX) el cual no cuenta con evidencia de alta calidad al momento de plantear una dosis ni un tiempo de duración establecidos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de glomerulonefritis por enfermedad de cambios mínimos corticodependiente y quien desarrolló neumonía por Pneumocystis Jirovecii confirmada por histopatología quien recibió tratamiento y tuvo un desenlace positivo.

Abstract The pneumonia in the immunocompromised patient is a diagnostic challenge that the clinician faces more and more frequently, every time we talk about ground glass infiltrates it is necessary to always take into account the possibility of pneumonia due to Neumocystis Jirovecii, which for a long time was thought as a disease of the immunosuppressed host with HIV, but that across the time it has manifested itself in patients with solid organ transplants and hematopoietic precursors, associated with autoimmunity, the chronic use of corticosteroids and more recently the use of biological therapy. The description of this disease and the diagnostic methods in non-HIV immunosuppressed hosts is not entirely clear, we know that the treatment of choice in these cases is trimethropin-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), which does not have high-quality evidence at the time of a dose or a time of established duration. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with glomerulonephritis due to corticodependent minimal change disease and who suffers from pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia confirmed by histopathology, which received treatment and had a positive outcome

Reparative regeneration by substitution of bone tissue defects with bioglass, using regeneration technologies / Regeneración reparadora mediante sustitución de defectos del tejido óseo por biovidrio, utilizando tecnologías de regeneración

SUMMARY: Bioactive glass (BG) induces osteogenesis of damaged bone, causing excessive bone formation. This study included a morphological and morphometrical data of the bone tissue regeneration by filling bone defects with BG with autologous native platelet rich plasma (PRP) or fibrin (PRF) and aspirate of bone marrow (ABM). The parameters of newly formed bone in rabbits bone defect were analyzed and compared with terms 4th and 12th week. The groups with ABM-BG, PRF-BG and PRP-BG have shown common tendency: development of newly formed bone tissue, the external contour of the bone has been enlarged; an additional trabecular bone has been formed under the cortical layer, which has often been limited by a solid compact bone from the bone marrow. The induced osteogenesis resulted in the appearance of a significant amount of bone tissue exceeding the original size of the defect. Increased density of the newly formed tissue at the defect level relative to ABM-BG was detected in the PRF-BG group at 12 weeks and PRP-BG at 4 and 12 weeks (p<0.05). In this case, the bone thickness in the substituted defect was greater in the ABM-BG group. The number of newly formed bone tissue in the ABM-BG group at 4 weeks also exceeded the value of the BG group, but the density of such bone did not differ between the groups. That is, ABM-BG stimulated greater trabecular bone formation and fibrous reticular tissue was located in the lacunae between trabeculae. These results indicate that the additional use of tissue technology (ABM, platelet plasma) facilitated osteogenesis, and the newly formed bone tissue was tightly coupled and remodeled to the cortical bone layer in the form of compact bone tissue. PRP, to a greater extent than ABM, promoted the formation of compact bone tissue.

RESUMEN: El vidrio bioactivo (VB) induce la osteogénesis del hueso dañado, provocando una formación excesiva de hueso. Este estudio incluyó datos morfológicos y morfométricos de la regeneración del tejido óseo mediante el llenado de defectos óseos con VB con plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) nativo autólogo o fibrina (PRF) y aspirado de médula ósea (AMO). Se analizaron los parámetros de hueso recién formado en el defecto óseo de conejos y se compararon a las 4 y 12 semanas. Se observó una tendencia similar en los grupos con AMO-VB, PRF-VB y PRP-VB: el desarrollo de tejido óseo recién formado, aumentó el contorno externo del hueso; formación de un hueso trabecular adicional debajo de la capa cortical, que a menudo ha estado limitada por un hueso sólido compacto de la médula ósea. La osteogénesis inducida dio como resultado la aparición de una cantidad significativa de tejido óseo que excedía el tamaño original del defecto. Se detectó un aumento de la densidad del tejido recién formado a nivel del defecto en relación con AMO-VB en el grupo PRF-VB a las 12 semanas y PRP-VB a las 4 y 12 semanas (p <0,05). En este caso, el grosor óseo en el defecto sustituido fue mayor en el grupo AMO-VB. El número de tejido óseo recién formado en el grupo AMO- VB a las 4 semanas también excedió el valor del grupo VB, pero la densidad de dicho hueso no cambió entre los grupos. Es decir, AMO-VB estimuló una mayor formación de hueso trabecular y se localizó en el tejido reticular fibroso en las lagunas entre trabéculas. Estos resultados indican que el uso adicional de tecnología de tejidos (AMO, plasma plaquetario) facilitó la osteogénesis, y el tejido óseo recién formado se acopló y remodeló estrechamente a la capa de hueso cortical en forma de tejido óseo compacto. El PRP, en mayor medida que el AMO, promovió la formación de tejido óseo compacto.

Effect of S53P4 bioactive glass and low-level laser therapy on calvarial bone repair in rats submitted to zoledronic acid therapy

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the influence of bioactive glass and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in calvarial bone repair process in rats submitted to zoledronic acid therapy. Methods Twenty-four rats were selected and treated with the dose of 0.035 mg/kg of zoledronic acid every two weeks, totalizing eight weeks, to induce osteonecrosis. After the drug therapy, surgical procedure was performed to create 5-mm diameter parietal bone defects in the calvarial region. The rats were then randomly assigned to groups according to the following treatments: AZC: control group, treated with blood clot; AZBIO: bone defect filled with bioactive glass; AZL: treated with blood clot and submitted to PBMT; and AZBIOL: treated with bioactive glass S53P4 and submitted to PBMT. Tissue samples were collected and submitted to histomorphometric analysis after 14 and 28 days. Results At 14 days, bone neoformation in the AZBIO (52.15 ± 9.77) and AZBIOL (49.77 ± 13.58) groups presented higher values (p ≤ 0.001) compared to the AZC (23.35 ± 10.15) and AZL groups (23.32 ± 8.75). At 28 days, AZBIO (80.24 ± 5.41)still presented significant higher bone recovery values when compared to AZC (59.59 ± 16.92)and AZL (45.25 ± 5.41) groups (p = 0.048). In the 28-day period, the AZBIOL group didn't show statistically significant difference with the other groups (71.79 ± 29.38). Conclusions The bioactive glass is an effective protocol to stimulate bone neoformation in critical defects surgically created in rats with drug induced osteonecrosis, in the studied periods of 14 and 28 days.

Effect of the application of different concentrations of Edta on the adhesion of fiber posts using self-adhesive cements

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the application of different concentrations of EDTA on the adhesion of fiber posts to root dentin using self-adhesive resin cements. After endodontic treatment, 78 single roots were randomly divided into six groups (n = 13) according to the combination of the following factors: surface dentin treatment - control (distilled water), 17% EDTA and 24% EDTA; and self-adhesive resin cement - RelyX U200 (RX); and Multilink Speed (ML). After fiber post cementation, six slices were obtained for each root. Ten roots of each group were used for bond strength (BS) and three for microhardness (MH) evaluations. Data obtained from BS and MH tests for each resin cement were subjected to two-way ANOVA (surface treatment vs. root region) and to a post-hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The lowest BS value was observed in the 24% EDTA group for RX cement, whereas the highest values for ML cement were observed for the control group in the middle and apical regions. In the MH test, the lowest value for RX was observed for 24% EDTA in the cervical region, whereas and the highest value for the ML cement was observed in the control group. Regarding both self-adhesive resin cements tested, the application of 24% EDTA was not able to improve the adhesion of fiber posts to root canal.

Influência do tipo de cimento endodôntico na adesão de pinos de fibra de vidro: revisão de literatura / Influence of the type of endodontic sealer on glass fiber post adhesion: literature review

Introdução: Pinos de fibra de vidro são bastante utilizados quando dentes tratados endodonticamente apresentam grande perda estrutural e necessitam de suporte para a sua reconstrução coronária. A completa adesão do pino à parede do canal radicular é fundamental para o sucesso dessa restauração. Resíduos de cimento endodôntico que permanecem nas paredes dentinárias, mesmo após o preparo para a cimentação, podem interferir negativamente na sua adesão e contribuir para o seu deslocamento. Objetivo: O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes cimentos endodônticos e o tempo decorrido entre a obturação e a cimentação do pino na resistência de união entre o pino e a parede do canal radicular. Métodos: Essa revisão de literatura incluiu 21 estudos que analisaram a influência de cimentos endodônticos na adesão de pinos de fibra de vidro, entre os quais 9 acrescentaram a variável tempo na sua análise, com pinos cimentados logo após a obturação do canal radicular e dias após a obturação. Resultados: Os dentes obturados com cimentos à base de resina demonstraram maior resistência ao deslocamento dos pinos durante os testes. Parece haver uma predominância de menores valores de adesão quando os pinos são cimentados imediatamente após a obturação com cimentos contendo eugenol. Conclusões: Os tipos de cimento endodôntico e o período entre a obturação e a cimentação do pino podem afetar a força de ligação entre a parede do canal radicular e o pino de fibra de vidro (AU).

ntroduction: Glass fiber posts are widely used when endodontically treated teeth present great structural loss and require support for coronal reconstruction. Complete adhesion of the post to the root canal wall is fundamental for the success of this restoration. Endodontic sealer residues that remain on the dentin walls, even after preparation for cementation, may negatively interfere with the adhesion and contribute for post displacement. This literature review evaluated the effect of different endodontic sealers and the time between obturation and post cementation on the bond strength. Methods: This literature review included 21 studies that analyzed the influence of endodontic sealers on the adhesion of glass fiber posts, among which 9 added the variable time in their analysis. Results: Teeth filled with resin-based sealers showed higher post push-out bond strength during testing. There seems to be predominance of lower adhesion values when the posts are cemented immediately after filling with eugenol-containing sealers. Conclusions: The type of endodontic sealer and period between obturation and post cementation can affect the bond strength between root canal wall and the glass fiber post(AU).

Influence of sonic vibration and cement type on the bond strength of fiberglass posts after aging / Influencia de la vibración sónica y el tipo de cemento en la fuerza de unión de los postes de fibra de vidrio después del envejecimiento

Introduction: This study evaluated the influence of sonic vibration and thermocycling on the bond strength of fiberglass posts using conventional dual-cured and self-adhesive resin cements. Material and Methods: Ninety-six single-rooted endodontically treated teeth were divided randomly into eight groups according to the cement used (dual-cured or self-adhesive resin cement), use of sonic vibration during post accommodation, and aging conditions (24h in distilled water or 5,000 thermal cycles). The fiberglass posts (White Post DC1, FGM) were cleaned with alcohol, treated with silane and cemented with dual-cured (Allcem Core, FGM) or with self-adhesive resin cement (seT, SDI). For groups in which sonic vibration was used, the posts were accommodated, and sonic vibration was applied for 10 s using a special tip placed on top of the post (Sonic Smart Device, FGM). Pull-out tests were performed after storage in distilled water for 24h at 37°C or after thermocycling (5000 cycles, at 5°C and 55°C). The results were evaluated using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results: Significant differences were not observed between the bond strengths of dual-cured (87.93±41.81 N) and self-adhesive cement (82.53±41.43 N). Bond strength for the sonic vibration groups (100.36±42.35 N) was significantly higher than for groups without sonic vibration (70.13±34.90 N). There were significant differences between specimens subjected to thermocycling (98.33±39.42 N) and those stored for 24h in distilled water (72.16±39.67 N). Conclusion: It can be concluded that both sonic vibration and thermocycling significantly improved bond strength of fiberglass posts with the two evaluated resin cements.

Introducción: Este estudio evaluó la influencia de la vibración sónica y el termociclado en la fuerza de unión de los postes de fibra de vidrio utilizando cementos de resina autoadhesivos y de curado dual convencionales Material y Métodos: Se dividieron aleatoriamente noventa y seis dientes tratados endodónticamente de raíz única en ocho grupos según el cemento utilizado (cemento de resina de curado dual o autoadhesivo), el uso de vibración sónica durante la acomodación posterior y las condiciones de envejecimiento (24 horas agua destilada o 5.000 ciclos térmicos). Los postes de fibra de vidrio (White Post DC1, FGM) se limpiaron con alcohol, se trataron con silano y se cementaron con cemento de curado dual (Allcem Core, FGM) o con cemento de resina autoadhesivo (seT, SDI). Para los grupos en los que se utilizó vibración sónica, se acomodaron los postes y se aplicó la vibración sónica durante 10 s utilizando una punta especial colocada en la parte superior del poste (Sonic Smart Device, FGM). Las pruebas de extracción se realizaron después del almacenamiento en agua destilada durante 24 horas a 37ºC o después del termociclado (5000 ciclos, a 5ºC y 55ºC). Los resultados se evaluaron mediante ANOVA de tres vías y la prueba de Tukey (α = 0.05). Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las resistencias de adhesión del cemento de curado dual (87,93 ± 41,81 N) y el cemento autoadhesivo (82,53 ± 41,43 N). La fuerza de unión para los grupos de vibración sónica (100,36 ± 42,35 N) fue significativamente mayor que para los grupos sin vibración sónica (70,13 ± 34,90 N). Hubo diferencias significativas entre los especímenes sometidos a termociclado (98,33 ± 39,42 N) y los almacenados durante 24 h en agua destilada (72,16 ± 39,67 N). Conclusión: Se puede concluir que tanto la vibración sónica como el termociclado mejoraron significativamente la fuerza de unión de los postes de fibra de vidrio con los dos cementos de resina evaluados.

Biocerámicos: aspectos farmaco-tecnológicos y clínicos de uso odontológico / Bioceramics: pharmatechnological and clinical aspects of dental use

Se analizan aspectos fármaco-tecnológicos y clínicos de biocerámicos bioabsorbibles compuestos por biovidrios con capacidad osteogénica y microbicida, para ser utilizados como relleno bioactivo en el conducto radicular y como tratamiento terapéutico en el sitio de a lesión apicoperirradicular de origen endodóntico. Mediante un diagrama ternario se consideraron las diversas variables cuyos valores determinan las diferentes fases de los vidrios bioactivos, hasta alcanzar la formación de hidroxiapatita, cuando se someten a un medio biológico. Se analizaron composición y mecanismo de acción en la reparación posendodóntica, que parte de la integración del biomaterial al tejido duro sano, sin formación de fibrosis o proceso inflamatorio inmune (AU)

Pharmacotechnological and clinical aspects of bioabsorbable bioceramics composed of bioglasses with osteogenic and microbicidal capacity are analyzed, to be used as a bioactive filler in the root canal and as a therapeutic treatment at the site of an apicoperiradicular lesion of endodontic origin. By means of a ternary diagram, the various variables whose values determine the different phases of the bioactive glasses were considered, until reaching the formation of hydroxyapatite, when subjected to a biological medium. Composition and mechanism of action were analyzed in post-endodontic repair, which starts from the integration of the biomaterial into healthy hard tissue, without the formation of fibrosis or an immune inflammatory process (AU)

The diagnostic usefulness and correlation of nasal eosinophil count and percentage in children with rhinitis

PURPOSE: Allergic rhinitis is the most common atopic disease and the most common chronic disease of children. Eosinophil count and percentage in nasal smear are useful for differential diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between nasal eosinophil count and percentage.METHODS: Between January 2017 and August 2018, 221 children patients with a clinical history of rhinitis were tested at the outpatient respiratory and allergy unit of the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea. Nasal secretion was collected by swabbing a children's nasal inferior turbinate 3–4 times with a cotton swab and then placed on to a glass slide. Later, the smear was stained by Giemsa stain.RESULTS: This is the first study to assess the comparison of nasal eosinophil count and percent. There is a positive correlation between nasal eosinophil count and percent Y=1.02 X+2.82 (Y=Eosinophil count, X=Eosinophil percentage). To determine the usefulness of nasal eosinophil count and percentage in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, we analyzed receiver operating characteristic curves. The cutoff value of the nasal eosinophil count was 6.5/high-power field, and that of the nasal eosinophil ratio was 3% for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.CONCLUSION: In patients with suspected rhinitis, one of the values of nasal eosinophil count or percentage can be used in clinical practice.

A Novel Method for Hyperacuity Measurement

PURPOSE: We developed a novel method for measurement of hyperacuity and verified the utility thereof.METHODS: We developed a three-dimensional (3D) hyperacuity test using a 3D liquid crystal flat screen, a left- and right-image polarized display, and liquid crystal shutter glasses. We tested the technique in three groups: normal (n = 48), with cataracts (n = 14), and with macular disease (n = 35). We used a chart consisting of five dots and a reference line. Of the five dots, one was variably shifted from the other dots. A chart was presented to one eye and the reference line or blank image to the other eye; a subject scored positive when the dot in the unusual position was recognized.RESULTS: Hyperacuity was measured in terms of the reference line seen by the reference eye (RR), a blank image seen by the reference eye (RB), the reference line seen by the contralateral eye (CR), and a blank image seen by the contralateral eye (CB). All test scores were significantly lower when the reference line was seen than not (RR vs. RB and CR vs. CB; p < 0.01, respectively). For the RR and CR tests, no significant difference was apparent between the normal and cataracts group (p = 0.553, p = 0.494) but such differences were evident between the normal and macular disease groups (p = 0.028, p = 0.002). Also, visualization of the reference line by the reference and contralateral eyes did not differ (p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of hyperacuity using our new method was not affected by media opacity but was significantly affected by macular disease. Presentation of a reference line facilitated hyperacuity assessment.

Clinical Perceptions and Practice Patterns for Amblyopia in Korea

PURPOSE: We used a questionnaire to explore perceptions and clinical practice patterns of Korean pediatric ophthalmologists in terms of amblyopia.METHODS: From September to November 2018, we conducted a web-based questionnaire survey of 99 specialists of the Korean Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus who operated ophthalmology clinics in Korea. We received 56 responses (56.57%) and retrospectively analyzed the data.RESULTS: The average specialist age was 44.0 ± 9.7 years. The mean age of treated amblyopia patients was 3 to 5 years (69.6%); the most common amblyopia was refractive anisometropic amblyopia (75.0%). On average, treatment commenced at 4 years of age (53.6%); child and parent co-operation most significantly influenced treatment success (46.4%). The preferred test was cycloplegic refraction (96.4%) and the preferred treatment occlusion therapy (100%) with glasses correction (98.2%). Occlusion therapy was most commonly performed for 2 hours/day (69.6%); the minimum age for eyeglasses prescription was 2.10 ± 1.18 years. Only three respondents (5.36%) prescribed contact lenses and only one (1.79%) performed refractive surgery.CONCLUSIONS: In Korea, amblyopia treatment is based on occlusion therapy and glasses correction. However, the time of treatment commencement, the duration of occlusion therapy, and the glasses used for correction varied. It is necessary to develop guidelines for amblyopia treatment; these should reflect current medical conditions.

Operational specification for clinical use of dental intraradicular fiber post / 中华口腔医学杂志

Fiber-reinforced resin composite posts (fiber posts) are used extensively for the restoration of root-treated teeth with excessive loss of coronal structure. However, the longevity of a fiber post restoration still needs to be improved because of the various confounding factors that affect bonding procedures. Operational specification for clinical use of dental intraradicular fiber post was established based on the in-depth discussions by a panel of experts from Society of Prosthodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. This specification should be helpful in standardizing the clinical technique of fiber post placement and improving the clinical longevity of a fiber post restoration.

Effect of bioactive glass pretreatment on the durability of dentin bonding interface / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of bioactive glass (BG) on the dentin bond strength and the microleakage of hybrid layer.@*METHODS@#In the study, 30 dentin planes were prepared from the third molars with no caries and equally assigned to the control group, BG group, and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP)-polyacrylic acid (PAA)-BG group (S-P-BG group), randomly. After etched with 35% phosphoric acid, the dentin planes of BG group were pretreated with 0.5 g/L BG, and the dentin planes of S-P-BG group were pretreated with 5% STMP, 5% PAA and 0.5 g/L BG. No additional pretreatment was done to the dentin planes of control group. Then the dentin planes were bonded using 3M Single Bond 2 adhesive to 3M Z350XT composite resin, and cut into 0.9 mm×0.9 mm column samples, which were stored at 37 ℃ artificial saliva (AS). After 24 hours, 1 month, and 3 months, the microtensile bond strength test was performed. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD method. The morphology of the bond fracture interface was observed with scanning electron microscope. Other 27 teeth were collected and the enamel layer and roots cut off, with the pulp chamber exposed. 0.1% rhodamine B was added to the 3M Single Bond 2 adhesive, and then the adhesive was applied to complete the bonding procedures as above. The teeth were stored in 37 ℃ AS for 24 hours, 1 month, 3 months, and then 0.1% sodium fluorescein solution was placed in the chambers and stained for 1 hour. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the interface morphology and microleakage of the hybrid layer.@*RESULTS@#At the end of 24 hours and 1 month, there was no significant difference in the microtensile bond strength among the three groups (P>0.05). After 3 months of soaking, the S-P-BG group [(36.91±7.07) MPa] had significantly higher microtensile bond strength than the control group [(32.73±8.06) MPa] (P=0.026); For the control group and the BG group, the microtensile bond strength significantly decreased at the end of 3 months compared with 24 hours (control group: P=0.017, BG group: P=0.01); The microtensile bond strength of S-P-BG group af the end of 3 months had no significant difference in compared with 24 hours [(37.99±7.98) MPa] (P>0.05). Observation of the fracture surface at the 24 hours showed no obvious mineralization in all the three groups. After 1 and 3 months, mineral formation was observed in BG group and S-P-BG group, and no obvious collagen exposure was observed in S-P-BG group. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed no obvious differences in the morphology and quantity of the resin tag in the control group, BG group and S-P-BG group. At the end of 24 hours, leakage was found in all the three groups. The microleakage of the control group increased at the end of 3 months, while the microleakage of the BG and S-P-BG groups decreased.@*CONCLUSION@#BG pretreatment of dentin bonding interface can induce mineralization at the bonding interface and reduce the microleakage of the hybrid layer; pretreating the dentin bonding interface with STMP, PAA and BG may enhance the maintaining of the dentin bonding durability.

Experimental gel containing bioactive glass-ceramic to minimize the pulp damage caused by dental bleaching in rats

Abstract Objectives This study evaluated if the use of a bioactive glass-ceramic-based gel, named Biosilicate (BS), before, after or mixed with bleaching gel, could influence the inflammation of the dental pulp tissue of rats' molars undergoing dental bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Methodology The upper molars of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus) were divided into Ble: bleached (35% H2O2, 30-min); Ble-BS: bleached and followed by BS-based gel application (20 min); BS-Ble: BS-based gel application and then bleaching; BS/7d-Ble: BS-based gel applications for 7 days and then bleaching; Ble+BS: blend of H2O2 with BS-based gel (1:1, 30-min); and control: placebo gel. After 2 and 30 days (n=10), the rats were euthanized for histological evaluation. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests were performed (P<0.05). Results At 2 days, the Ble and Ble-BS groups had significant alterations in the pulp tissue, with an area of necrosis. The groups with the application of BS-based gel before H2O2 had moderate inflammation and partial disorganization in the occlusal third of the coronary pulp and were significantly different from the Ble in the middle and cervical thirds (P<0.05). The most favorable results were observed in the Ble+BS, which was similar to the control in all thirds of the coronary pulp (P>0.05). At 30 days, the pulp tissue was organized and the bleached groups presented tertiary dentin deposition. The Ble group had the highest deposition of tertiary dentin, followed by the Ble-BS, and both were different from control (P<0.05). Conclusion A single BS-based gel application beforehand or BS-based gel blended with a bleaching gel minimize the pulp damage induced by dental bleaching.